|
((アラビア語:نكاح المتعة), literally "temporary marriage"), is a type of marriage used in Twelver Shia Islam, where the duration of the marriage and the dowry must be specified and agreed upon in advance.〔Berg H. ("Method and theory in the study of Islamic origins." ) Brill 2003 ISBN 9004126023, 9789004126022. Accessed at Google Books 15 March 2014.〕〔Hughes T. ("A Dictionary of Islam." ) Asian Educational Services 1 December 1995. Accessed 15 April 2014.〕〔Pohl F. ("Muslim world: modern muslim societies." ) Marshall Cavendish, 2010. ISBN 0761479279, 1780761479277 Accessed at Google Books 15 March 2014.〕 It is a private contract made in a verbal or written format. A declaration of the intent to marry and an acceptance of the terms are required (as they are in ''nikah''). Al-mutʿah marriage was also practiced by the pre-Islamic Arabs. Zaidi Shia, Ismaeli Shia and Sunni Muslims do not practice Nikah Mutah. Mutah is practiced under the Twelver Shia jurisprudence. The bride must not be married. She must be Muslim or belong to ''ahl-e-kitab'' (people of the book). She should be chaste and not be addicted to fornication and she should not be a young virgin (especially if her father is absent and cannot give consent).〔("(پايگاه اطلاع رسانى حضرت آية الله العظمى جناتى (مد ظله العالى." ) Jannaati website. Accessed in Arabic 15 March 2014.〕 These conditions must be established through due diligence. At the end of the contract, the marriage ends and the wife must undergo ''iddah'', a period of abstinence from sexual intercourse. The iddah is intended to give certain paternity to a child should the wife become pregnant during the contract.〔〔 Generally, the Nikah mut'ah has no proscribed minimum or maximum duration.〔("The four pillars of Mut'a: the time period (mudda)." ) Al-Islam.org website. Accessed 15 March 2014.〕〔("Marriage, question 24." ) Alulbayt Foundation, Rulings of Grand Ayatullah Sistani. Accessed 15 March 2014.〕 However, one source, ''The Oxford Dictionary of Islam'', indicates the minimum duration of the marriage is debatable and durations of at least three days, three months or one year have been suggested.〔Esposito J. ("The Oxford dictionary of Islam." ) Oxford University Press 2003 p221 Accessed 15 March 2014.〕 == Background == ''Mut'ah'', literally meaning ''joy'', is a condition where rules of Islam are relaxed. It can apply to marriage (the ''nikah mut'ah'') or to the ''Hajj'' (the obligatory pilgrimage) (the ''Mut'ah of Hajj''). Mut'ah is a sensitive area of disagreement between those who follow Sunni Islam (for whom nikah mut'ah is forbidden) and those who follow Shia Islam (for whom nikah mut'ah is allowed).〔 Shias and Sunnis do agree that, initially, or near the beginning of Islam, nikah mut'ah was a legal contract.〔〔Motahhari M. ("The rights of woman in Islam, fixed-term marriage and the problem of the harem." ) Al-islam.org website. Accessed 15 March 2014.〕 Beyond that time, the legality of the practice is debated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikah mut‘ah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|